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Cleland and King (1975) define the life cycle phase of a system as following: Conceptuale Definition Production Operational Divestment Various levels of effort can be attributed to each of the phases stated below. Consider a project that has life cycle phases as defined by Cleland and King. State whether each of these phases would be of short or long duration (with justification) for one of the following options (a, b, c or d) and put online in the appropriate question answer area (stating which option you chose): GENG 215 Agricultural Engineering Technology University of Wisconsin – River Falls PROJECT MANAGEMENT a. R&D b. New product introduction C. A home construction projecte d. Construction of a nuclear power plante Include your rationale. Indicate your answers to the table below. a. R&D Rationale 1. . . Conceptuale Definition Productionele Operationale Divestment 1. 1. 1. T. . . 1. b. New Rationale product introduction Conceptual Definition Productionele Operationale Divestment T. 1 . T. . 1. C. A home Rationale construction projecte Conceptual Definition Production Operational Divestment . e d. Rationale Construction of a nuclear power planta T. . Conceptual Definition Production Operational Divestment T. tt SYSTEMS THEORY AND CONCEPTS TABLE 2-2. CONCEPTUAL PHASE tem • Determine existing needs or potential deficiencies of existing systems • Establish system concepts which provide initial strategic guidance to overcome existing or portes tial deficiencies • Determine initial technical, environmental and economic feasibility and practicability of the sys Examine alternative ways of accomplishing the system objectives • Provide initial answers to the questions • What will the system cost? When will the system be available? What will the system do? • How will the system be integrated into existing systems? Identify the human and nonhuman resources required to support the system • Select initial system designs which will satisfy the system objectives • Determine initial system interfaces system organization From Systems Analysis and Project Management by David I. Cleland and William Richard King. Copyright 1968, 1975 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. Used with permission of McGraw-Hill Book Company. P. 187. • Establish as e TABLE 2-3. DEFINITION PHASE • Firm identification of the human and nonhuman resources required • Preparation of the final system performance requirements Preparation of the detailed plans required to support the system • Determination of realistic cost, schedule, and performance requirements • Identification of those areas of the system where high risk and uncertainty exist, and delineation of plans for further exploration of these areas • Definition of intersystem and intrasystem interfaces • Determination of necessary support subsystems • Identification and initial preparation of the documents required to support the system, such as policies, procedures, job descriptions, budget and funding papers, letters, memoranda, etc. From Systems Analysis and Project Management by David I. Cleland and William Richard King. Copyright 1968, 1975 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. Used with permission of McGraw-Hill Book Company. P. 188. TABLE 2-4. PRODUCTION PHASE Updating of detailed plans conceived and defined during the preceding phases • Identification and management of the resources required to facilitate the production processes such as inventory, supplies, labor, funds, etc. • Verification of system production specifications • Beginning of production, construction, and installation • Final preparation and dissemination of policy and procedural documents • Performance of final testing to determine adequacy of the system to do the things it is intended to • Development of technical manuals and affiliated documentation describing how the system is intended to operate • Development of plans to support the system during its operational phase From Systems Analysis and Project Management by David 1. Cleland and William Richard King. Copyright 1968, 1975 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. Used with permission of McGraw-Hill Book Company. P. 188 do TABLE 2-5. OPERATIONAL PHASE • Use of the system results by the intended user or customer • Actual integration of the project’s product or service into existing organizational systems • Evaluation of the technical, social, and economic sufficiency of the project to meet actual operat ing conditions Provision of feedback to organizational planners concerned with developing new projects and • Evaluation of the adequacy of supporting systems From Systems Analysis and Project Management by David I. Cleland and William Richard King. Copyright 1968, 1975 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. Used with permission of McGraw-Hill Book Company. P. 189. systems TABLE 2-6. DIVESTMENT PHASE • System phasedown • Development of plans transferring responsibility to supporting organizations • Divestment or transfer of resources to other systems • Development of “lessons learned from system” for inclusion in qualitative-quantitative data base to include: • Assessment of image by the customer • Major problems encountered and their solution • Technological advances • Advancements in knowledge relative to department strategic objectives • New or improved management techniques • Recommendations for future research and development • Recommendations for the management of future programs, including interfaces with associate contractors • Other major lessons learned during the course of the system From Systems Analysis and Project Management by David I. Cleland and William Richard King. Copyright 1968, 1975 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. Used with permission of McGraw-Hill Book Company.